What is Resilience in the Workplace?
Consider a workplace that is undergoing radical change. One may expect that the effects of this ongoing stress would be detrimental to staff. After all, their livelihood may be at stake. A research study by two management consultants studied this very phenomenon.
Research Done
Over a period of twelve years, S. Maddi and D. Khoshaba studied employees of a large US telecommunications company during a time when this industry was being de-regulated. The company was constantly changing and jobs were at stake. However, what the research showed was most surprising.
During the twelve-year period in which the study took place, almost 50% of the employees lost their job and a further two-thirds experienced significant stressful life events (including divorce, mental health issues like depression and anxiety, and heart attacks). Despite this, one-third of the workers not only survived the tremendous challenge they faced, they actually flourished!
In their book, called ‘Resilience at work: how to succeed no matter what life throws at you’ Maddi and Khoshaba (2006) report that of the individuals they studied, the employees who retained their positions rose to the top, whilst those who were unfortunate enough to lose their job either started their own companies or took ‘strategically important’ employment in other companies.
Resilience is Dynamic
What does this study show about resilience in the workplace? Put another way, what can we learn from this study? Well, resilience is an active, dynamic process. According to the Centre for Confidence and Wellbeing (2006):
‘the good news is that although some people seem to be born with more resilience than others, those whose resilience is lower can learn how to boost their ability to cope, thrive and flourish when the going gets tough’. So, resilience can be enhanced!
The personality trait of hardiness has been found to buffer or lessen the negative effects of stressful events or adversity (Jackson, Frito, & Edenborough, 2007). It is possible to learn habits and strategies to increase hardiness. Furthermore, by developing effective strategies for reducing vulnerability to stress and the impact of adversity, it is possible to strengthen and develop personal resilience.
In order to understand what constitutes resilience in the workplace, perhaps the most accessible way to think about it is to consider what resilient employees do when faced with workplace adversity that sets them apart from the rest of the pack. What is it that these employees do differently?
Resilient Employees
Resilient employees build strong connections and relationships with others (Davis Laak, 2014). These high-quality relationships can be characterized by a number of features. Connections are characterized by effective communication in which an individual listens actively and is responsive to their colleague and their emotions (Davis Laak, 2014).
In positive workplace relationships, a resilient worker will do what they can to help another person to achieve success in the workplace. The resilient worker is a team-player who aims for a win-win with their fellow employees.
Social support plays an important role in workplace resilience (Jackson, Firtko, & Edenborough, 2007). It is beneficial to develop personal as well as professional networks, which can be a source of guidance and support during times of stress or simply to provide a nurturing relationship.
It is also helpful for employees to have contact with colleagues outside of their own immediate work setting. These people can provide validation to the worker, and can potentially be accessible to the individual when accessing support within their own work situation would make the employee vulnerable (Jackson et al., 2007).
Resilient employees nurture the work networks they have developed, consistently building trust with others. However, a surprising finding in the research was that resilient employees don’t take the work environment too seriously. They introduce an element of ‘play’ to the workplace, which further fosters positive emotions amongst employees.
Modern workplaces are certainly typified by stress. Technology and access to the Internet mean that, for many, work is a constant presence. No longer does one establish a career which they then stay in for the duration of their working life. Resilient employees are able to manage stress effectively so it is not overwhelming and detrimental (Davis Laak, 2014).
By actively engaging in self-care and nurturing themselves after a stressful incident, however minor, resilient employees avoid ‘burnout’.
Another characteristic of a resilient employee is that the individual is true to their ‘real’ self (Davis Laak, 2014). They are authentic and behave in a way which is in alignment with their values and beliefs. If you like, they ‘practice what they preach’. They show grit.
What is Grit?
Grit is that fighting spirit that sets some employees apart. It can be defined as ‘having the passion and perseverance to pursue your long-term goals’ (Davis Laak, 2014). However, if grit means that an employee is striving to achieve challenging goals, this will almost certainly mean that they will encounter obstacles. When this occurs, workers have the chance to show resilience, as resilience is needed to overcome these hurdles.
How resilient employees perceive their occupation and day-to-day tasks also sets them apart. These workers perceive their work as meaningful (Davis Laak, 2014). It is hardly surprising that those who feel like their toll is in an endeavor to achieve a valuable outcome are going to be better equipped to bounce back when work is particularly stressful.
Examples include medical practitioners, who see their work as leading to health outcomes for patients rather than ‘fixing’ a medical problem. Having a positive focus at work is a component of resilience.
Of course, it is not that resilient employees do not experience stress. Stress is an unavoidable aspect of life, and workplaces present a multitude of stressors. However, a characteristic of resilient workers is that they will monitor their own thoughts when they are under stress and duress (Davis Laak, 2014).
By acting mindfully, the employees who display resilience notice particular patterns in their thinking that may be impeding their chance at occupational success (Davis Laak, 2014). This awareness promotes a capacity to cope with stress and unexpected challenges.
Modern workplaces are typified by change. The climate of work imposes on employees a need to be flexible and adaptive. Resilient workers are seen to be more able to manage inevitable changes and deal with novel scenarios. They are also more skilled at dealing with setbacks and have the capacity to move on after they encounter a stumbling block.
5 Examples of Building Personal Resilience at Work
How can an individual build their personal resilience at work? In order to address this question, think back to Maddi and Khoshaba’s study of the employees of the telecommunications company in the US. How is it that under such duress, many of the workers were able to thrive? How did they develop resilience?
Resilience is a multi-dimensional construct, and consists of a cluster of factors: behaviors, thoughts, actions, attitudes, and skills. In their study, Maddi and Khoshaba identified three variables associated with the individuals’ ability to bounce back from the immense stress they faced. These were commitment, control, and challenge.
“Simply put these attitudes are commitment, control, and challenge. As time gets tough, if you hold these attitudes, you’ll believe that it is best to stay involved with the people and events around you (commitment) rather than to pull out, to keep trying to influence the outcomes in which you are involved (control) rather than give up, and to try and discover how you can grow through the stress (challenge) rather than to bemoan your fate” (Maddi & Khoshaba, 2006). Let me explain further.
By committing themselves to their work, the employees were more able to dedicate themselves to the tasks at hand. This enabled the workers to make sense of what exactly was going on for them. Having a sense of control empowered the employees to enable them to behave in a way which had an influence over the changes that were happening. They also viewed change and stress as an inevitable part of life.
How can an individual build their resilience in the workplace? Jackson and colleagues (2007) argue that personal resilience can be strengthened and enhanced by developing a variety of effective strategies that reduce vulnerability and susceptibility to stress.
It can also help employees to develop and nurture skills for reducing the impact that adversity in the workplace has on them. This may include, but is not limited to, practicing mindfulness, developing mental agility, and taking regular breaks from work to ‘detach’. Jackson et al. suggest the following:
1. Positivity
By taking a positive stance at work, employees are more able to adapt to adversity and also hold on to a sense of control over their work environment. Putting energy and motivation into work, or, having ‘vigor’ – as described by Shirom (2004) – is also associated with building personal resilience. It is the ‘opposite’ of burnout, which is characterized by emotional exhaustion, physical tiredness, and cognitive fatigue or ‘weariness’.
Vigor is characterized by having the capacity to put in the maximum effort at work and thus further build personal resilience (Shirom, 2004).
2. Emotional Insight
Another example of building personal resilience at work is by developing and strengthening emotional insight. Insight is closely related to emotional intelligence. Individuals with a level of insight have a level of awareness about the full range of emotions they experience, from ‘negative’ through to ‘positive’.
They will also consider the ramifications of their own reactions and behavior and the effects their own actions have on others. Psychologically resilient individuals can be described as emotionally intelligent (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004).
3. Balance
Individuals can build personal resilience at work by achieving a healthy work-life balance. This is especially challenging in the world we are living in. Technology can mean that employees may have access to work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
In order to be able to bounce back from stressful situations, i.e. to be resilient, workers need to have the energy that can be easily depleted if a healthy work-life balance is not in place. Workers need time to relax, unwind and recuperate.
4. Spirituality
Having a sense of spirituality has been linked to developing resilience at work. This may be related to reducing vulnerability and the impact that adversity in the workplace has on the individual. Finding meaning in work, and feeling that this work is contributing to a greater good, can buffer against the effect of stress.
It may also be because spirituality may lead employees to view even stressful situations as having positive aspects, or ‘purpose’, and appreciating potential benefits.
5. Reflection
Becoming more reflective is another way individuals can build resilience at work. In other words, being in tune with one’s emotions and emotional reactions can serve to buffer against the effect of stress. Being aware of possible ‘triggers’ to stress can provide individuals with the opportunity to prepare and gather resources so they are better able to ‘bounce back’.
If an employee knows that a particular circumstance will be especially challenging, they can then implement coping strategies, such as seeking support.
What our readers think
Thank-you for the article, there are some really great points in here.
I do wonder: is it possible for someone’s resilience to be abused or taken for granted? Is there a concept where a toxic work environment could actually overwhelm a person’s resiliency, and: is that a reflection on the work environment or the individual? Are there times when it’s good or okay to not be resilient? Is resilience enough, or does it need to be paired with self-worth? Can you be considered resilient, even without a strong sense of self-worth? I think every employer wants to have resilient employees, however, I find it tough to rationalize asking for resilient employees if one is not able to work with that person to make the environment better.
very helpful information
Great Read.
very interesting and helpful